Armed But Aimless: A State Left to Bleed –By Matthew Ma

“The situation in Benue is grave, characterized not only by the brutality of machetes and gunfire but also by the tragic repercussions of official inaction and widespread national indifference. We find ourselves equipped with resources yet aimless in our strategies. Although our presence in the affected areas exists, our passivity undermines our effectiveness. As you relocate to the State, your actions must be well-considered, strategic, and prompt.”

Benue, often lauded as the Food Basket of the Nation for its rich agricultural heritage, has tragically devolved into a scene of unending sorrow and despair. This once-thriving state is now beset by relentless invasions from armed herders and criminal groups, creating a cycle of violence that feels inescapable. The disturbing pattern of these assaults has become a grim reality — villages are invaded, innocent lives are taken, homes are reduced to ruins, and the survivors are left to confront the heart-wrenching task of burying their dead and attempting to rebuild their shattered lives from scratch. What is particularly troubling is not only the violence itself but also the apparent inaction and delayed responses from the security agencies responsible for safeguarding these vulnerable communities. Each incident of attack casts a shadow of indifference, leaving residents enveloped in grief and fear. As they confront the future, grappling with the physical and emotional impact of these tragedies, the delayed intervention from law enforcement raises significant concerns about their obligation to serve and protect.

In recent times, trust in security agencies within Benue State has significantly eroded. Residents recount distressing experiences when attempting to seek help during violent attacks, often encountering calls that are overlooked or met with hollow reassurances that assistance is “on the way.” Unfortunately, help tends to arrive only after the harm has been inflicted. Despite the presence of numerous military units, mobile police squads, and paramilitary forces in the State, the tangible effectiveness of these measures has been alarmingly minimal. Following each violent incident, security spokespersons typically release statements attributing their inadequate responses to factors such as “logistical challenges,” “lack of intelligence,” or “ongoing investigations.” While such official explanations may initially seem credible, they provide little comfort to the families affected by violence and fail to justify the loss of lives or instill any sense of safety in the community. The prevailing sentiment among residents is one of frustration and despair; many perceive a lack of political will to address their security concerns, along with a troubling sense of deliberate neglect by those in power. Alarmingly, this situation reveals a systemic failure that has normalized a climate of impunity, where violent acts are met with indifference, allowing the cycle of violence to persist unchecked. In the aftermath of these tragic events, a crucial question remains: Where are the security agencies when their presence is most needed?

Benue State hosts several military units, mobile police squads, and various paramilitary forces, all strategically positioned throughout the State to uphold law and order. One of the prominent military presences is the 72 Army Battalion, situated in North Bank Makurdi. This battalion serves a dual purpose: it is responsible for national defense while also participating in internal security operations within the State. The 72 Army Battalion holds particular importance due to its proximity to areas such as Agan, Daudu, Udei, Gbajimba, and Yelewata, which have frequently been hotspots for conflicts between local farmers and herders. Despite the pressing need for intervention, reports suggest a troublingly indifferent response from the military personnel stationed in the area. This apathetic attitude in critical situations raises doubts about their willingness to assist Benue State during times of distress. Alongside the 72 Army Battalion, the area also houses the Nigerian Army School of Military Engineering (NASME). This institution is responsible for training military personnel in critical engineering disciplines essential for contemporary military operations, including design, construction, and combat engineering. NASME’s curriculum is structured to equip the next generation of leaders in the Nigerian Army with the technical and tactical knowledge essential for military engineering. Despite being located in a region frequently impacted by crises involving herders, NASME appears to be complacent about the situation in their area.

The mobile police barrack strategically positioned along Naka Road was established primarily to ensure a rapid response to incidents and to bolster community policing efforts in the area. This unit was established to act as a frontline resource for handling emergencies and maintaining public safety. However, despite their presence, this police barrack has exhibited a troubling ineffectiveness in addressing the ongoing issue of herder-related killings that afflict the Naka Road area. This situation is further complicated by the presence of several military checkpoints at key locations, including Jimba, Tse Orbiam, Aondona, and the Nigerian Army Base in Agagbe. Notably, these military checkpoints have yet to respond to any incidents related to the escalating violence, raising significant concerns among the local population. The lack of action from both the police barrack and military checkpoints raises questions about the efficacy and intended purpose of these security measures. Community members are left wondering why such units are established if they fail to fulfill their role in ensuring safety and addressing the serious threats faced by residents along Naka Road.

In Makurdi township, the Nigerian Navy Barracks is strategically positioned in the Kanshio area. This barrack serves as a base for naval operations, allowing the Nigerian Navy to effectively conduct maritime security training exercises and provide logistical support to its personnel. Just a short distance away is the Navy Provost and Regulatory School, located along the Aliade-Otukpo road. This institution offers professional development to naval personnel, providing comprehensive training programs that encompass various aspects of maritime discipline and regulatory compliance. The school’s mission is to ensure that service members are thoroughly trained and prepared to uphold naval standards. Alongside these law enforcement bodies is the Zone Four Police Headquarters. They not only manage police activities within the area but also extend their oversight to neighboring areas. The headquarters is responsible for crime prevention, public safety initiatives, and community policing efforts. Despite the presence of these security agencies, there remain significant concerns regarding their effectiveness in combating the persistent threats of banditry and terrorism in Benue State. Critics argue that while these institutions function as security outfits, their efforts often focus more on fostering collaboration rather than engaging in proactive measures to counter insurgent activities. In times like these, collaboration among various agencies is essential for effectively addressing complex challenges. However, when the reality suggests that law enforcement agencies are not cooperating to confront the rising violence and insecurity, it leaves communities vulnerable to persistent attacks.

The Tactical Air Command (TAC) of the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) plays a pivotal role in the nation’s response to various crises, particularly in addressing internal security threats, insurgencies, natural disasters, and armed conflicts. Situated on Gboko Road Makurdi, TAC is one of the key operational wings of the Nigerian Air Force (NAF), responsible for various duties essential to maintaining peace and security. One of TAC’s central responsibilities is to interpret, implement, and oversee the operational plans established by the NAF, ensuring that these strategies are effectively executed in practice. This includes managing the daily operations of the Air Force, which involves providing tactical air support to ground forces during various missions, conducting air combat operations, and coordinating a wide range of tactical air activities. This function is particularly vital in regions that are difficult to access through traditional ground routes, where prompt and effective air support can significantly impact the success or failure of critical operations. The command’s proficiency in deploying resources and offering assistance in such challenging terrains highlights its significance in the broader landscape of national security. Despite its presence, concerns have been raised about the efficacy and responsiveness of the Nigerian Air Force, particularly about the ongoing issue of banditry in Benue State. Many residents have voiced their frustration over the apparent lack of visible action or communication from the Air Force regarding its efforts to locate and neutralize these bandits. This silence provokes questions about the presence and the overall commitment of the NAF to effectively utilize its assets in addressing this pressing security challenge. The community is seeking answers as they turn to the NAF for protection and support.

Across Benue State, military checkpoints have become a familiar presence along major roads, while police units are strategically positioned in urban areas to bolster security. Furthermore, civil defense officers are assigned to patrol specific areas, fostering an impression of a robust and vigilant security framework. On the surface, these checkpoints indicate a proactive commitment to protecting the region. However, the situation on the ground presents a contrasting narrative. The actual effectiveness of the security presence is frequently limited, appearing more as a symbolic gesture than as a genuine deterrent to violence. For the residents of Guma, Logo, Agatu, Gwer West, and other communities that have endured continuous attacks, the sight of these security forces does little to alleviate their fears or safeguard their lives and properties. In numerous instances, law enforcement and military personnel patrol without taking decisive actions or implementing responsive measures to address the threats faced by these communities, raising questions about the effectiveness of their presence. Locals often express frustration as they observe the glaring disparity between the touted security measures and the harsh realities of ongoing violence that continues to disrupt their lives.

Toward the end of 2024, I returned home after completing my studies in the United States. Upon my arrival, I was struck by the impressive collection of vehicles and motorbikes that the governor had recently procured for various law enforcement agencies. These vehicles were prominently showcased at the IBB Square in Makurdi, symbolizing the government’s dedication to enhancing public safety and security. I observed the gleaming cars and motorcycles lined up, each representing a significant investment in the community’s security infrastructure. This sight ignited my curiosity about how these vehicles would ultimately be allocated to the relevant authorities. Now, as I reflect on that scene months later, I find myself wrestling with questions about the fate of those numerous vehicles. Are they being utilized effectively within our communities, or have they become part of the landscape, collecting dust while issues of safety and crime persist? The image of those vehicles has lingered in my mind, leading me to contemplate their impact on law enforcement and the overall well-being of our society.

Several facets surrounding the alleged herder’s killings remain shrouded in mystery. To begin with, the attackers tend to operate in coordinated groups, raising a critical question: how is it possible that their movements go unnoticed until after their violent actions have occurred? Furthermore, there is a troubling assumption that these assailants are herders, yet this is based solely on speculation, as there are no eyewitness accounts to substantiate such a claim. Additionally, it is perplexing how individuals who are essentially outsiders to our community can navigate through our environment with such ease and without encountering any form of resistance or intervention. This raises serious concerns about our collective commitment to safeguarding the community in which we live. Another issue I have with this killing is that before launching any assault in a specific region, these attackers typically assemble in large numbers, appearing well-prepared and heavily armed. Their presence often showcases a formidable array of weaponry, indicating substantial planning and coordination. This raises a crucial question: how is it that our security and intelligence agencies consistently struggle to identify and track their movements? Despite advancements in technology and intelligence-gathering methods, a persistent gap remains in their ability to anticipate such imminent threats. Is this issue due to insufficient resources, operational oversight, or a failure to effectively communicate vital information? The inability to detect these organized groups before their attacks is both perplexing and concerning, necessitating a thorough evaluation of our current surveillance and reconnaissance strategies.

The Department of State Services (DSS) has a presence in Benue State. However, its capacity to provide timely and actionable intelligence remains significantly lacking. This shortcoming reflects a concerning departure from the DSS’s primary mandate, which is to collect and analyze intelligence that not only informs the government but also enables various security agencies to take proactive measures to prevent crime and safeguard public safety. Rather than concentrating on its primary mission of intelligence gathering and threat assessment, the DSS has adjusted its priorities. Observers note that the agency increasingly appears to engage in competition with other security entities, such as the Police, Civil Defense, and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC). As a result, a significant portion of the DSS’s resources and efforts are now devoted to providing personal security for government officials, affluent individuals, questionable figures, and celebrities. This trend has led the agency to frequently display its insignia in prominent venues, drawing attention to its role as a protective service rather than as an intelligence-gathering organization dedicated to safeguarding the broader public.

The weapons used by the attackers are often smuggled into the country through our supposedly secured borders, which remain highly susceptible to illegal activities. This troubling trafficking frequently occurs with the complicity of Customs and Immigration officials or as a result of their negligence, as they overlook these operations for various reasons, such as corruption, bribery, or insufficient resources to monitor border security effectively. The National Intelligence Agency (NIA), which receives billions of Naira annually to enhance security measures and surveillance efforts, seems largely ignorant of the ongoing influx of dangerous arms into the Benue region. This oversight creates a precarious situation that significantly jeopardizes public safety and represents a considerable embarrassment for the agency. It highlights a troubling gap in our national security framework and intelligence operations, raising serious questions about the effectiveness and accountability of the systems designed to protect our citizens. The implications of this failure extend beyond immediate safety concerns, suggesting a deeper systemic issue in our approach to safeguarding the nation from internal threats.
The question now is: What happens when those responsible for safeguarding the public become indifferent, overwhelmed, or even complicit? In this troubling scenario, we face a stark reality: there occurs a significant lack of comprehensive investigations into incidents that warrant accountability. Without diligent oversight and commitment to justice, critical incidents may go unexamined, leaving victims without recourse and perpetuating cycles of negligence and abuse. The consequences can ripple through communities, eroding trust in institutions designed to protect and serve the public’s interests. It raises the fundamental issue of whether we can rely on those in power to act ethically and effectively when faced with uncomfortable truths. As we navigate this complex landscape, it becomes increasingly clear that a robust framework for accountability is essential to ensure that justice is not just a concept but a lived reality for all. Secondly, the narrative surrounding pain and injustice frequently gets distilled into superficial phrases found in press releases or reduced to hollow gestures during condolence visits. This approach fails to capture the full weight of the suffering experienced by individuals and communities affected by these transgressions. As a result, the voices of those who have endured loss or injustice are often drowned out by the insincerity of public statements. Meanwhile, the individuals who commit these acts frequently manage to elude the consequences of their actions, escaping the justice that they so clearly deserve. This alarming trend reinforces a pervasive culture of impunity, where perpetrators feel emboldened and unaccountable for their actions. Such a situation not only perpetuates the cycle of suffering but also deepens the mistrust between communities and the institutions that are supposed to protect them.

The critical question we need to address is: What comprehensive measures can we implement to prevent further acts of violence and loss of life in our communities? To begin, security agencies need to evolve from their current reactive roles to a more proactive approach to public safety and protection. This involves actively engaging with communities, collecting intelligence, and implementing preventive strategies rather than simply responding to incidents after they have occurred. Secondly, the government must demonstrate a genuine commitment to addressing the concerns of Benue people. This commitment extends beyond mere words; it necessitates the translation of promises into concrete actions. This includes providing adequate logistical support for law enforcement agencies and ensuring a consistent operational presence in vulnerable areas. Prioritizing effective resource allocation—encompassing both funding and personnel—is crucial to directly addressing security challenges. Thirdly, the integration of local knowledge and community intelligence is a crucial component that should be formally incorporated into statewide security planning. It is essential to leverage local initiatives, empowering community members to work alongside security forces in identifying threats and preventing violence. This collaboration not only fosters trust but also ensures that local voices are actively involved in the decision-making processes that impact their safety. Fourth, it is essential to establish a transparent accountability system for the performance of security agencies. A clear line of responsibility must be drawn for any delayed responses to threats and for every preventable death resulting from negligence or inaction. Without accountability, the cycle of violence continues, leaving little room for justice.

Fifth, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive whistleblower policy that actively encourages individuals with knowledge of the herder’s activities to report their concerns. This policy should not only outline clear channels for reporting but also guarantee substantial protection for those who come forward against any potential repercussions. Creating a supportive environment where whistleblowers feel secure in disclosing their information without fear of retaliation is essential. Moreover, individuals who contribute valuable information should be protected and rewarded appropriately for their contributions. This reward could take various forms, including monetary rewards, private acknowledgment, or other incentives that encourage transparency and information sharing. Lastly, it is essential to acknowledge that the herders may not act alone; there may be informants within the community who provide them with vital information about where to strike. This situation had occurred multiple times in Benue, where I learned of herders who would secretly compensate an informant for betraying their own community. The informant, motivated by greed, would then provide crucial information that put his people at risk—essentially selling them out for a handful of coins, reminiscent of Judas Iscariot’s infamous act of betrayal for thirty pieces of silver. It is a sobering realization that in every community, no matter how close-knit or resilient, there often exists a Judas Iscariot —an individual willing to betray their own for profit, illustrating the depths of human betrayal. Some community members are aware of who the informants are but are understandably cautious about the potential repercussions of coming forward to report this information. Therefore, it is crucial to protect these individuals. Implementing a robust whistleblower policy will be instrumental in ensuring their safety, allowing them to report critical information without jeopardizing their well-being. Fostering a culture that values and rewards whistleblowing enhances the flow of information regarding herders’ activities and empowers community members to address these issues collaboratively.

We extend a heartfelt and warm welcome to the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), Lieutenant General Olufemi Oluyede, during this undeniably challenging and tumultuous time in Benue State. The situation in Benue is grave, characterized not only by the brutality of machetes and gunfire but also by the tragic repercussions of official inaction and widespread national indifference. We find ourselves equipped with resources yet aimless in our strategies. Although our presence in the affected areas exists, our passivity undermines our effectiveness. As you relocate to the State, your actions must be well-considered, strategic, and prompt. Your presence in Benue represents more than a mere symbolic gesture; it serves as a crucial test of your leadership skills and your dedication to the nation. The current circumstances demand a comprehensive strategy that addresses not only the immediate threats but also the root causes of unrest. Therefore, your effectiveness during this visit will be evaluated on multiple levels. It will depend not only on the visible deployment of military personnel but, more importantly, on the tangible restoration of peace, community trust, and the overall safety of every citizen living in Benue. We sincerely hope that your stay will be defined by impactful action rather than hollow rhetoric. This is an opportune moment for you to engage your colleagues in a critical dialogue regarding the State of security in the State. In particular, we encourage you to raise the pressing question: Where are you when the people of Benue need your presence? The responses you receive to this inquiry could play a crucial role in shaping the future of Benue. Your findings may reveal gaps in security protocols and strategies, enabling you and your team to develop practical solutions that address the community’s most urgent concerns.

Rev. Ma, S. J., is a Jesuit Catholic priest of the North West Africa Province of the Society of Jesus. He currently writes from Beirut, Lebanon.