Understanding the Complexities of Sexual Violence Terminology and Misconceptions: Insights from Anambra State, Nigeria, by John Egbeazien Oshodi

In a recent article published by Premium Times on June 28, 2024, titled ‘My wife starves me of sex,’ says pastor accused of raping 7-year-old house help, journalist Chinagorom Ugwu reports on a disturbing case in Awka, Anambra State. The article highlights a pastor accused of raping his young house help, wherein the suspect disturbingly justifies his actions by citing marital discord. This case serves as a stark example of the complexities surrounding the terminology and societal misconceptions about sexual violence, particularly against minors, and underscores the urgent need for a deeper understanding and reevaluation of such narratives within the media and society at large.

In Anambra State, the use of the term “rape” in media descriptions of sexual violence against minors often mistakenly suggests the possibility of consent. Such narratives are not only legally inaccurate, as minors are incapable of giving consent, but also ethically misleading. Journalistic reports, such as those by Chinagorom Ugwu, argue that “sexual abuse” is a more appropriate term as it captures the full range of non-consensual sexual acts committed against minors, stressing their inability to consent and highlighting the gravity of these offenses. This careful distinction is crucial to ensure that both the legal system and society at large recognize and respond to these crimes with the seriousness they deserve.

Statements from influential figures, like Mrs. Ify Obinabo, the State Commissioner for Women and Social Welfare, have controversially suggested that marital issues such as a wife’s refusal to engage in sexual activities could lead to sexual abuse. Such assertions dangerously misplace responsibility and minimize the severity of sexual abuse, implying that external situations or personal frustrations could somehow justify such actions. It is essential to clarify unequivocally that sexual violence is always the perpetrator’s responsibility, and external circumstances do not excuse these heinous acts. Public figures must be especially careful not to perpetuate harmful misconceptions that could influence societal perceptions negatively.

The minimization of abuse by individuals like Pastor Francis Ogwu, who claimed he “only fingered” the victim, exemplifies a dangerous trivialization of sexual abuse. Statements like these significantly downplay the gravity of any non-consensual sexual contact and the profound trauma it can inflict on the survivor. It is imperative that such assertions are met with strong, definitive counter-statements that affirm the seriousness of the offense and ensure that the victim’s experiences are fully acknowledged and addressed with the appropriate legal and social response.

Moreover, the prevailing narrative that unmet sexual needs could lead to sexual abuse perpetuates a victim-blaming ideology that is both damaging and misleading. This narrative shifts the focus from the accountability of the perpetrator to justifying criminal behavior through personal dissatisfaction. Vigorous efforts are required to debunk this myth, stressing that sexual violence is inexcusable under any circumstances and that societal views must align with protecting individual rights and dignity.

The inconsistent enforcement of laws designed to protect against sexual abuse in Anambra State raises concerns about potential leniency or lower prioritization of these cases. Strengthening the legal framework, ensuring rigorous law enforcement, and providing extensive support for survivors are essential steps toward effectively addressing sexual violence. Public officials and authorities have a critical role in reinforcing these protections and demonstrating a genuine commitment to justice, ensuring that survivors receive the comprehensive support and protection they deserve.

Accusations from family members, such as those made by the pastor’s wife alleging that a seven-year-old child was attempting to seduce her husband, highlight a profound misunderstanding of child sexual abuse dynamics. These accusations wrongly place blame on the victim and reflect deep-seated misconceptions about the nature of child abuse. Intensive educational efforts and clear communication are necessary to correct these misunderstandings and to prevent further victim-blaming within the community.

Regarding law enforcement, prompt action is vital in cases of alleged sexual abuse, particularly involving minors. Following the allegations against Pastor Ogwu, the police should have ensured that the young survivor was immediately taken to a medical facility equipped for forensic examinations. The use of forensic kits by trained medical professionals is crucial for accurately documenting physical evidence of abuse, serving both the legal process and the survivor’s well-being. This procedural diligence underscores the seriousness with which such cases are treated and reaffirms the commitment to justice for the victim.

The deeply troubling circumstances highlighted necessitate a broad, community-wide response. First, there is an urgent need to educate parents about the dangers of sexual abuse, including how to recognize warning signs and the importance of open communication with their children. Parents play a critical role in protecting their children and must be equipped with the knowledge and tools to do so effectively.

Additionally, neighborhood vigilance is essential. Communities must be alert and proactive in watching for signs of abuse, which often occurs in places presumed safe, such as homes and schools. Local communities can support this by organizing awareness programs and creating safer environments for children.

The Ministry of Health and other relevant institutions also require targeted education to improve their understanding and handling of sexual abuse cases. This includes training on the appropriate medical responses to abuse, the psychological support needed for survivors, and the procedural aspects that ensure the protection and care of the victim throughout the healing process. Institutions like these are pivotal in establishing protocols that prioritize the well-being of the child over all other considerations.

Furthermore, the police force must receive enhanced training on the proper procedures for handling cases of sexual abuse, especially those involving minors. This training should focus on the initial response, the importance of a sensitive approach, and the meticulous collection of evidence to support the prosecution of offenders. Improving police response is crucial for ensuring that justice is served and that the victims receive the support they deserve during and after the legal process.

Education efforts must also extend into schools. Children themselves should be taught about personal safety, the difference between appropriate and inappropriate behavior, and how to seek help if they feel unsafe. This education should be age-appropriate and delivered in a manner that empowers but does not frighten. Schools play a fundamental role in prevention education and can be the first line of defense against abuse by fostering an environment where children feel safe to speak out.

Community-wide education is also imperative. Every member of the community should be informed about the signs of abuse and the steps to take if abuse is suspected. This widespread community education can transform public perception and response to sexual violence, fostering a culture of zero tolerance for such acts.

Given that the offender in this case is a pastor—a position that typically holds significant trust and authority within the community—it is crucial to conduct a thorough investigation to determine if there are more silent victims. This situation highlights the need for vigilance and scrutiny, regardless of the social status or role of the alleged perpetrator. It also underscores the importance of ensuring that those in positions of power are not abusing their authority.

The Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act, enacted by Nigeria in 2015, represents a landmark achievement in the nation’s efforts to protect women and girls from various forms of violence, including rape, female circumcision, and forceful ejection. This comprehensive legislation not only outlaws such acts but also provides a supportive framework for survivors, offering critical legal recourse and assistance. It is imperative that all states within Nigeria not only learn the provisions of this Act but also diligently practice and enforce its measures. By doing so, states can ensure that the rights and safety of women and girls are upheld, contributing to a society where gender-based violence is no longer tolerated.

In summary, addressing the issue of sexual violence, especially against minors, requires a multifaceted approach involving the education of parents, community vigilance, specialized training for health institutions and law enforcement, school-based preventive education, and a community-wide effort to raise awareness and understanding. Each of these elements is crucial for creating a safer environment for all children, ensuring they are protected, supported, and empowered to live without fear of abuse.

Professor John Egbeazien Oshodi, born in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria, is an American-based police and prison scientist, forensic psychologist, public policy psychologist, and legal psychologist. He’s a government advisor on forensic-clinical psychological services in the USA and the founder of the Dr. John Egbeazien Oshodi Foundation for Psychological Health. With a significant role in introducing forensic psychology to Nigeria through N.U.C. and Nasarawa State University, he’s also a former Secretary-General of the Nigeria Psychological Association. He’s taught at esteemed institutions like Florida Memorial University, Florida International University, Nova Southeastern University, and more, and is currently an online faculty member at Weldios University, Nexus International University, and Walden University. John.Oshodi@mail.waldenu.edu